-If she/he's the same age with your grandparents, you call her "bà" and call him "ông". -If she/he's the same age with your parents, you call her "cô" and call him "chú". -If she/he's the same age with you: the person who is younger is called "em", the person who is older is called "chị" (if that's a woman) and "anh" (if that's a man). In this case I mean your acquaintances/strangers, not the people in your family/relative. And if you have any question, feel free to ask me :) I'd like to help people with my language :)

In social: ông - the same age with your grandfather: bà - the same age with your grandmother bác - the older than your father/mother. bác: female and male cô - younger than father/mother, only female chú - younger than father/mother, only male anh - older than you, male chị - older than you, female em - younger than you, male and female bạn - the same age with you In the ralationship: ông ngoại - mother's father bà ngoại - mother's mother ông nội - father's father bà nội - father's mother bác - older sister/older brother of father/mother chú - younger brother of father, chú's wife: thím cậu - younger brother of mother, cậu's wife: mợ cô - younger sister of father dì - younger sister of mother cô/dì's husband: chú In friendship with people the same age: bạn/cậu: him/her - polite tôi/tớ/mình: I - polite mày: him/her - close friend tao: I - close friend If you talk with ông/bà/bác/chú/cô/dì/cậu/thím/mợ you say: - cháu - normal - I - con - very close - I If you talk with anh/chị you say: em - I If you talk with em you say: chị - I If you talk with people older than you, should not call him/her by him/her name, it's impolite. If you talk with people younger than you, you can call him/her by him/her name, it's OK

Addressing people in Vietnamese is much more difficult than in English. However it also has its advantages like by the way addressing people correctly, you can show much respects to people that you are talking to. Also, while seeing people addressing to others you can know exactly there relationships, range ages, positions in family, society, .... For details how to address people in both Northern and Southern Vietnamese, you should read the following articles then finish the exercises: http://www.howtospeakvietnamese.com/how-to-address-people-in-vietnamese/ Hope you find it helpful !

Đối với bạn: mày, tao, mi,cậu, tớ... Đối với người lớn tuổi hơn( là women): chị, cô, dì, bác, bà... Đối với người lớn tuổi hơn (man) ; anh. chú, cậu, bác, ông... Cách gọi phụ thuộc vào độ tuổi, mối quan hệ trong gia đình.... ^^. rất phức tạp bạn ạ.

The way you call people depends on your age and their age. If they are male: - You think that he is younger than you: + a bit: you call him "em", and you are "anh" + He is a child: you call him "cháu", you are "chú" - You think that he is older than you: + a bit: you call him "anh", and you are "em" + he is the same age with you uncle: you call him "chú" or "bác", you are "cháu" - You think that he is the same age with you: you can call him "ấy", "bạn", and you are "tớ", "mình" If they are female: - You think that she is younger than you: + a bit: you call her "em", and you are "chị" + She is a child: you call him "cháu", you are "chú" - You think that she is older than you: + a bit: you call her ", and you are "cháu" + She is the same age with you uncle: you call her "cô" or "bác", you are "cháu" - You think that she is the same age with you: you can call her "ấy", "bạn", and you are "tớ", "mình" All things I tell you above is the calling in social communication. In Vietnam, if he or she and you are kinship, you will have other way to call. My English is not very good. I hope you can understand what I mean ^^