"To put" has a little more variety. "To set" is to put something on something else. I put the book on the table. Please put the book in the bag. She put her hand in mine. ~You can "put" something anywhere. I set the book on the table. Don't set your drink on the floor. Please set the book nearby. ~You can only "set" things down on something else. Hope this helps!

They mean almost the exact same thing, but 'set' usually implies either 'on top of', 'gently', or both. For example: 'he set it on the sample' implies 'he gently put it on top of the table'. He put it on the table could mean he dropped it onto the table. And you would rarely see 'set' used to mean "inserted into". This sounds strange: 'he set it in the drawer'; 'he put it in the drawer' is more natural.

'I put this book on the table' is the normal way to say this. ('pôr' in Portuguese) If you said 'set this book', we would understand you, but it would sound a little strange. 'Set' is a very common word in English, but it's usually used in combination with other words eg set down, set up, set off, set out, or in phrases such as 'set foot'.

so, It's better use "put" in this case.