I'm not sure how your question is connected to professions (Berufe).
There are many different usages for "wie" and "als", maybe you can give an example of the usage you are thinking about?
For example, both "wie" and "als" are used in comparison. For the comparative, you use always "als", and for the positive (base form), you use wie:
Mein Bruder ist so groß wie mein Freund.
Mein Bruder ist größer als mein Freund.
"Wie" and "als" can also be used as conjunctions, etc.