it's right. if you only had "because professors are important." as the whole sentence it would be wrong, but you have the main sentence after the long because phrase so here it's right.

Your argument isn't the least bit convincing, but it is grammatically correct. The clause with "because" is a subordinate clause, meaning that it cannot be used all by itself as a sentence, but it is part of a larger sentence. The order of the subordinate clause in the main clause doesn't matter: "Because knowledgeable professors play catalytic roles in cultivating excellent students, facilities only play supporting roles" or "Facilities only play supporting roles, because knowledgeable professors play catalytic roles in cultivating excellent students." If you'd prefer a synonym for "because," you could use "since" or "as" or afraid such as "due to the fact that."

I am not an expert, but in my opinion your argument lack of impact. So I paraphrase it a little. For universities, famous professors have a more vital role in cultivating top students than facilities do. Because Knowledgable professors play a major roles on cultivating excellent students, rather than facilities which only play supporting roles. As we all know, the most crucial and ultimate aim is to cultivate talents or good assets by enhancing students capabilities, broadening their knowledge, and so on.