墙 means wall，like the wall of the house，the wall of the city（城墙cheng qiang）。 垣 means wall too，It is common in the Classical Chinese as an archaic word，barely used in daily life，expect an chinese Idiom，断壁残垣（duan bi can yuan），means ruins。 壁 generally refers to the walls（墙壁）, it can also mean an upright cliff （崖壁）。I think 壁 more represents a vertical surface。When you use 壁，you need to mention the 壁 of what or what of the 壁，like 崖壁（cilff）or 壁虎（the tiger of the 壁——gecko）。 There is not much differences between 墙 and 墙壁，nearly interchangeable at any time。Only in some contexts，墙壁 more focus on the vertical surface of the wall，and 墙 is simpler, more common, more colloquial than 墙壁 。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

墙 means the wall we build 壁 usually used with another character, for example 墙壁- building wall or room walls 山壁-mountain wall As well as 塬 which we do not often use this word. It means short walls like the walls in The Great Wall.