Examples: - 그런 바보 같은 행동은 다신 하지 않겠다: I will never do such a foolish action again. - 그 애는 다른 애들이 놀리는데도 가만있었다: The boy stayed put in the face of the other kids' mocking. - 다시 그런 짓을 하면 가만두지 않겠다: I won't let another of such action pass unchallenged. - 열차가 역에 진입해서 정지했다 [멈췄다]: The train came into the station and stopped. - 회사측은 생산 라인을 정지시켰다 [멈췄다], 세웠다: The management halted the production line. - 하루 종일 오던 비가 그쳤다 [멈췄다]: The rain that fell all day has stopped. - 검은 색 승용차가 집앞에 와서 섰다 [멈췄다]: A black passenger car pulled up in front of the house. - 먼저 내려야 하니까 차 세워 [멈춰] : I need to get off first, so stop the car. - 고속으로 달리면 차를 빨리 멈출 수 없다: If you drive at a high speed, you can't stop the car quickly. - 이제 그만해: Stop it now (about something annoying someone is doing). - 지금 직장을 그만두기로 했어: I decided to quit my current job. * of the above, only (정지하다, 서다, 멈추다) and (정지시키다, 세우다, 멈추다) may be interchangeable in some contexts.

하지 마 is 하다 + 말다 (choose not to do), and is mostly in an imperative sense, unlike most other words here. That is, "to not do XX" is "XX(를) 하지 않다", while "XX를 하지 마" is "Don't do XX!". "하지 말다" is similar. Most of the words you listed are related in meaning but also differ in both meaning and usage. - 하지 않다(vi): "not do something" in general. The action or event is never even started. - 가만있다(vi): to stay put. To remain inactive. Means not acting or moving, especially when one is expected to act. - 가만하다(vi): same as 가만있다, but this is an obscure word only found in literature nowadays. - 가만두다(vt): to leave someone or something alone. - 정지하다(vi): to halt. Formal and mostly for vehicles and machines, or sometimes for military personnel. - 정지시키다(vt): to stop (vt). - 그치다(vi): to stop. To let up. Used mostly for natural phenomena (rain for example). - 서다(vi): 1. to halt or stop. 2. to stand. Used both for people and vehicles. - 세우다(vt): 1. to top (someone, or a thing). 2. to erect, to have someone standing. Causative of 서다. - 멈추다(vi, vt): stop an ongoing movement, operation, or an action. (used of people and machines) - 그만하다(vi): stop an action (of people). Not used of vehicles or machines. - 그만두다(vt): abandon a plan or intention, or quit an ongoing activity like a job, school, etc.