Exploit is like to use someone’s resources or the fruit of their work for your own profit giving them little or nothing. Deprive is to take something away from someone. Exploit is very much about gaining profit, deprive is basically about taking the rights away For example: Europeans exploited African resources for centuries. Landowners in Jamestown prospered by exploiting slaves. Slaves often revolted because of being deprived from their rights.

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Exploit is mean and shows that someone is intentionally hurting someone else. Deprive is a condition someone is in. They lack something. Dry crops are deprived of rain. Tycoons often gain wealth by doing unkind actions to others. Tycoons exploit people.

Exploit is to take advantage of someone - or to use them while they are weak. Deprive is to take something away from someone. Like not paying your workers (or underpaying), or stopping food/water delivery into an area (siege.) Police will deprive you of sleep for interrogation (they do not allow you to sleep.) You can exploit someone without depriving them. For example, can use someone to do something that they don't want to do (through coercion) BUT you can pay them well for it. In this case, you deprive them of dignity (self-respect) but not money. Most of the time, when people are exploited, they will be deprived of fair pay (or pay at all.) But exploitation and deprivation are not the same, even though they're related. Generally, tycoons are seen doing both. They will employ desperate people and pay them very little - so it is both exploitation and deprivation. It is more complicated though - economically and philosophically.