“中文”是一个固定的搭配，是约定成俗的词，特指中国的语言，是一个固定的搭配，“语”一般指口头的语言，“文”一般指书面的文字，文法。 类似“中文”这个意思的，还有“汉语”

语refer to 说话(speaking),and 文refer to 写作(writing). “汉语”和“中文”都可以，它们是固定搭配。但不能用“中语”，因为没有“中语”这个词。

中国中学生有一门课程叫“语文”，“语文”就是“语言文字”，“中语”是中国语言，“中文”一般指中国文字，但人们习惯将“中文”理解为中国文化，即包括语言和文字。 Chinese students have a course called "language", "Chinese" is "language", "language" is the Chinese language, "Chinese" generally refers to Chinese characters, but people habits will "Chinese" understanding for Chinese culture, which includes language and characters.

按照语言习惯，我们没有中语一说，取而代之的是汉语。“语”和“文”的区别在于：“语”侧重于它的发音，即语音方面；而文，则侧重于一种语言的载体“文字”。它们都是一种语言的组成部分。

语, mostly goes for listening, speaking with specific pronunciation. -- 文, mostly goes for reading, writing with characters. --||-- In Asia, many languages use characters but with a bit different structures or grammar. That's why we call them as 文, such as 中文, 日文。-- However, Chinese has too many different pronunciations even with similar structures. You can't use one "中语" to represent all the different pronunciations. That's why we don't use "中语". It doesn't make sense.