Toefl The passage tells that a few years ago, the Sea otters population, on the Alaska coast was declining because of the pollutuion. The autor gives plenty of reasons to support their idea. However the lecture suggest that the real cause wasn't pollution, but predadation. The professor contests the passage by saying that if this mammals were indeed killed by pollution, their dead bodys should be founded by the coast. Since that are no signs of dead Sea otters, or even other mammals, the professor concludes that must be a work of a predator. After the assumed attack, the predators eat the Sea otters, and don't live any remains. He also explain that orcas used to hunt whales. But now a days whales aren't as available because of human hunting, and in this case they had to change and create new eating habits, by choosen Sea otters, or seals. The last evidence the professor gives, explains the uneven patter of the declining population of this mammals. He says that because orcas are really big, they cannot access every part of the coast. Making some areas, free of the the predator attack. With all of this examples the lecture concludes that this decrease must be work of predadation instead of pollution.

Toefl Task The passages explain the concept of Altruism and gives examples about how animals, including people can be altruistic. The lecture, on the other way, take a look with a bit more details into the examples of the passage, to prove that they are not as altruistic as the passage says. First the professor explains that when a group of meerkats are hunting for food, or even already eating, they always have a member of the group acting as a sentinel and looking for predators. But the sentinels are usually the first ones to eat, because they ate before the guard started. So they are not starving themselves for the benefit of the group. Also, since they are the first ones to see the predator, they have more chances to scape than the others that are distracted doing another thing. The professor adds to the theory by showing that human being acts on the exactly same way. Even in a very extreme example, like when someone offers to donate a body organ to a family member or to a stranger. This person might not gain any material reward, but they can gain another desirable things. Many people feel very complete and satisfied with themselves when they help other people. Besides, they will get the appreciation of the society as well. Concluding, the professor shows that none of the examples that were given in the passage were completely altruistic, because in some level it did provided rewarding.

Should students work while in University? Many students when they go college, see the campus as the place they go to attend a class, pass the exams, graduate and them get a well paid job. By looking at this perspective they can let a lot of incredible opportunities that they would only experience there. Because they don't see value on others things besides the diploma, they decide to ocupy their free time by working to pay the fees, instead of getting a loan. Life on the University Campus can be really rich if you let yourself enjoy all of it can provide. Since that are many kinds of programs, you can always attend a intro class that is not related with your field of study, and learn something completly new. Also, if you are a sports person you can always play and compete for your University. That are plenty of discussions groups about all kinds of subjects, music teams, and un-official classes provided by students themselves, that you can attend, in order to learn something different, or teach. But if you really enjoy the accademic part, you can start your own research project, and publish articles while been a graduate student. The problem is that if you spend your whole day, attending classes, studing, or doing something else at the university, you don't have time to work and pay the expensive university fees. And many students don't want to end up with a big deapth. But I believe that you should absolutely take a loan, and pay for that after you finish your studies, otherwise your experience won't be complete. If you don't want to be completely broke during your studies, you can always do something at the University to make some money. Like working in a library, or at the cafeteria, making paid researches, teaching something that you are good at, like a language or a subject that you really exceled. This will force you to stay even more at the campus, and make your college experience more complete. This experience is only incredible because the people are as well. University students, profesors and employees, are very interesting people, and thay are usually very different from each other, and even from yourself. They came from different places and have a unique background, so letting yourself getting to know this people it will make your time worth. Exchange your ideas about something, with someone that not only has a different opinion, but also have a lot of information that you don't, can be very open minded, and you shouldn't miss that because of money.