For them all, you use the same character (press the same key) on your computer or phone. But, when you talk about them, you use the correct word depending on the context.
"Point" is used when speaking about decimals (tenths, hundredths, etc.) of numbers. You write, "the temperature is 23.8" and you say, "the temperature is twenty-three point eight". You write, "the value of pi is 3.14159" and you say, "the value of pi is three point one four one five nine".
"Period", in North American English, is used at the end of a regular sentence or at the end of an abbreviation. "In the test, Juan wrote an exclamation mark and Pablo used a question mark, but I used a period, and I was right." "I lost a mark on the test because I didn't put a period after 'etc' in my answer to question seven."
"Dot" is used to separate parts of a web address or an email. You write, "italki.com", but you say, "italki dot com". You write "
[email protected]", but you say, " juan dot pablo at messages dot net".