They all belong to Chinese Higer Education,but have different froms.

1.Form the time of Education

专科教育usually need 2-3 years to finish  本科教育usually need 4-5 years to finish

2.From the degree of access

专科教育don't offer bachelor's degree  本科教育offer bachelor's degree(In China minimum degree is bachelor's degree)

3.Admission scores are different

本科教育的分数higher than 专科教育

Hope this can help you. 

It's a bit different between China and western culture of this thing. 专科 is for 3 years and 本科 is for 4 years as other people have already talked about that.

If we use the western standards to see it, we will get this:

1) After people graduate from 大学专科, they will get a diploma.

2) After people graduate from 大学本科, they will get a bachelor degree.

But it's not exactly the same. In western culture, diploma is more focus on practical and bachelor is more focus on theory. In China 专科 and 本科 can teach the same major. We have another school which is really focus on practical which is 蓝翔职业技术学校, they produce the skilled workers. 

Different scores, different degrees, different study environments, different lengths of time to graduate. 

But I take it a person must to depend on himself whenever no matter how good or how terrible his environment is. Honestly speaking, there are huge differences between the two kinds of universities.