Lesson 18 - Accusative and Instrumental Cases

<em>Russian Accusative Case</em>

 

The accusative designates the object of an action. (I speak Russian, He speaks it too). The blue font shows the position of the accusative case.Sometimes the accusative case looks exactly like the nominative case, but not always. To form the accusative from nominative you need to be familiar with the changes occurring to the nominative:

 

 

For a neuter noun: since all neuter nouns are inanimate no change will occur, they stay the same.

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<em>Russian Instrumental Case</em>

 

In general the Russian instrumental case is used to indicate how something is done or the means by which an action is carried out, usually in English it’s expressed by the prepositions "by, with".

 

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Russian Instrumental Case

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For a masculine noun:

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For a feminine noun:

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For a neuter noun:

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 for nouns ending with “ж”, “ш”, “щ”, “ц”, “ч” add “ем” if unstressed, if stressed add “ом”.

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for stems of nouns end with “ж”, “ш”, “щ”, “ц”, “ч” replace “а” with “ей”

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simply add “м”

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for other consonants, add “ом”.

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for the rest replace “а” with “ой”

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 replace “ь”, add “ем”, if stressed “ём”.

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 replace “ь” with “ью”.

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replace “й”, with “ем”, if stressed “ём”.

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replace “я” with “ей”, if stressed “ёй”.

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Some Instrumental prepositions

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с (о) + Instrumental

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with

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над + Instrumental

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above

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между + Instrumental

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between

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перед + Instrumental

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in front of

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The Russian instrumental case is used after prepositions like c (with), между (between), над (above), перед (in front of), под (under).