I don’t think it's a question of which is better. They do different things. Reading helps with reading,  and is likely to introduce more vocab and grammar for you to recognize, and develops you to recognition level for the written languahe. Writing woud take you past recognition to restatement, relatoon, and jopefilly? Realization where its usage becomes automatic. 

Memorizing,  which I expect would be done by reciting aloud, develops speaking at least to rote level. It can help you develop muscle memory in pronunciation and in certain grammar or phrases. Tjis is all very good stuff in learning to speak smoothly and fluently.  However, you'll probably have to incorporate other exercises to move from rote to recognition, then to restatementbwhere you can explain what you memorized in different words, relation where you can use the things you memorized in different situations, and realization where you use it automatically. 

So my answer is that this should not be a "which is better?" Question at all. You should be doing things like reading or possibly memorizing to develop different skills, but all of those skills are important language skills. What are your goals and needs? Use methods that target developing those skills.

Lulus, if your language skills are very high then you're right, you understand more. but when you're not fluent and a text you reading is tough then the memory fragmentation may even occur to you.

mahnaz, of course, reading a story is easier than memorizing a text. But my question is about effectiveness. And words from a sory will be forgotten faster than words from a text that you memorize because when you memorize it you repeat it much more times than if you just read something. Of course, you can repeat words from a story but it would be even more boring than memorizing a short text due to absent of feelings of endless. With memorizing the iterations are shorter and it will be you more happy when you finish it. But with reading the text you get much more vocabulate thouth it will be forgotten by you much more faster than a text you memorize...

I think reading books is better  and more usefull than the other . I think when you learn something in a story it's easier than memorizing it . if you memorize something , maybe you forget it during some times

but if you learn it in a story you don't .

Let me retype my previous answer to get rid of the bad, BAD typos from typing on my phone:

I don’t think it's a question of which is better. They do different things. Reading helps with reading, and is likely to introduce more vocabulary and grammar for you to recognize. It develops you to recognition level for the written language. Writing woud take you past recognition to restatement, relatoin, and hopefully, Realization where its usage becomes automatic.

Memorizing, which I expect would be done by reciting aloud, develops speaking at least to rote level. It can help you develop muscle memory in pronunciation and in certain grammar or phrases. This is all very good stuff in learning to speak smoothly and fluently. However, you'll probably have to incorporate other exercises to move from rote to recognition, then to restatement where you can explain what you memorized in different words, relation where you can use the things you memorized in different situations, and realization where you use it automatically.

So my answer is that this should not be a "which is better?" Question at all. You should be doing things like reading or possibly memorizing to develop different skills, but all of those skills are important language skills. What are your goals and needs? Use methods that target developing those skills.

Levels of learning I use mentally and refer to in this post: Rote, recognition, restatement, relation, realization.

Looking at what I typed, maybe I shouldn't try to answer by typing on the phone again. You can probably understand it, but the typing in my previous answer is just bad ... with all of the fat-finger mistakes I normally make typing on the phone.