"What's the difference?"
In your examples, they are interchangeable. However, that does not mean they are always the same: "Certain" also has a meaning of something determined, while "sure" has a sense of safety and security.
For example, you can say "I know a certain person" (a particular person), but "a sure person" gives a very different meaning (ie. a confident person).
Conversely, "He operated the controls with a sure hand" means his control was confident and steady. Change "sure" for "certain" and you get a different meaning, ie. he specifically chose to use either his left or his right to operate it. Maybe the other hand was busy.