Without any context it can be many things. This could be the most recent case of a particular disease showing up. This could be the most recent case of a large business needing to layoff many employees. When thinking of case here, think "example." (In the most recent example last week... ) Hope that helps.

i think it mean like a problem or somwthing you are trying to solve

I can't be 100 percent sure without context, but it is probably a court case.