Hi Tomas,
Sometimes, the difference between similar verb-forms is that one needs an object and the other doesn't.
"Recover" doesn't need an object. However, with "get over", our question is, "Get over what?"
Compare:
"It took me time to recover from the illness." (note that we add a preposition: from)
"It took me time to get over the illness."
"Get over" is also in the common/colloquial register, whereas "recover" is more formal.