If I talk to you about something.
Heh, remember the going to the concert, last week.
We can then refer to it as "that". A previously mentioned object.
Oh, yeah, I remember that.
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The question is interesting. I can't immediately see a rule for when you can use "that" and when "it" is better.
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Clearly, when "it" is not simple, "that" will work.
Remember all those hours of study you had to do to get fluent.
"it" does not seem correct for a long process. Though you could stil say "I rememeber it".
"I remember that." somehow seems more appropriate.
Any more clear about that?