to attack where the enemy is unguarded or.to get a chance to step in
例如:她刚和那家伙分手。现在你正好乘虚而入!It means, she just broke up with that guy, it's a good time for you to try to get her love now.
身体太弱,疾病就会乘虚而入。It means, if you are too weak, it's a good chance for diseases to attack you.