ABSTRACT This project proposal aims to analyze the Classical Antiquity of Roma representations and the uses in the didactic compendia of History used in the secondary public schools during the consolidation process of the Second Reign of Brazil. Such analysis, in an original approach, will be led to attempt to make clear the redefinition about some elements of the Classic Old World by the school subject of History, whose goals were also focused on the construction and consolidation of a new national identity, put together to the dictates of the Brazilian Imperial State. Using methodological principles based upon Renovated Political History (in which the concepts of Political Culture and Representation make up their central conceptual focal point), we listed as the main documental sources of contemporary age the first textbooks of Ancient History used in Brazil educational system, or better say, the translations of French works of Poirzon Caiz (Ancient History-1838) and the compendium of De Rozoir and Dumont (Roman History-1840). Our hypothesis supports the idea that the teaching of Ancient History in the public education network sophomore imperial officially inaugurated with the creation of Colégio Pedro II in Rio de Janeiro in 1838, defined a standard historical narrative guided by certain emphases and political values that and presents a longevity that exceeded their own chronological limits of the Imperial State of Brazil, also had huge contrasts in relation to national political context of the period and the system itself imperial government.