Is this area next to the road where the black car is parking called both a turnout and a pullout in American English and Canadian English? Or is something else referred to as a turnout and a pullout?[Image]

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I had to look this one up. I don't see these things often in Ontario, Canada. 
The ministry of transportation of Ontario defines a turnout as "A widened section of roadway provided for passing of vehicles travelling in opposite directions on a one-lane roadway, or in the same direction on a two-lane roadway." I believe this is what you've got in the picture here.

Here, most roads outside the city have a wide shoulder (a gravel area which you can pull over onto) and most city streets are quite wide. The multi-lane freeways (what the Brits call a "motorway" but Canadians usually just call "highways") do not, as far as I recall, have such turnouts. I can remember one major rural road in Ontario that has several turnouts. Otherwise these are not common.

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