1. These are not superlatives. They are comparatives.
2. The sentence is WRONG. It should be "...more vulnerable OR mighty...."
3. Anyway, yes, when using AND, you MUST put all adjectives in the comparative. The same rule applies to superlatives, by the way.
more complicated and louder
more intelligent and more beautiful
However, with your example you have two opposites. Opposites can be considered as ONE adjective:
good and bad; up and down; black and white; yin and yang; east and west
In these cases the"more" appears only once.
Further east or west.
Further up or down.
More vulnerable or mighty.
More stupid or intelligent.