Does "as sharp as a needle" mean the same as "as sharp as a razor"? Literal and idiomatic
Examples:

The penknife is sharp as a razor / needle.
The old man's senile, but his wife is as sharp as a razor / needle.

Question

Does "as sharp as a needle" mean the same as "as sharp as a razor"? Literal and idiomatic
Examples:

The penknife is sharp as a razor / needle.
The old man's senile, but his wife is as sharp as a razor / needle.

Answer

There's really no difference.

If I thought about it, I'd think 'The penknife is sharp as a razor' implies that the point of the penknife is sharp (just like a needle), while the entire blade of the penknife is sharp if it's sharp like a razor. 
Honestly, I doubt many people would think into it this far.

Metaphorically, there's definitely no difference.

Não perca a oportunidade de aprender uma língua no conforto da sua casa. Navegue pela nossa seleção de professores de línguas experientes e inscreva-se na sua primeira aula agora mesmo!