How will you translate "Khadak Tadak Bhadak Saali, Chatak Matak Fatak Saali" ?
What is a word-by-word translation and the sense of the whole phrase?

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It's a meaningless line which is used in Malhari song for the rhyme,. 
Khada from Khadna which means  jaise ankh me dust chali jane par jo feeling hoti hai use kahadkan kahte hain.
Tadak bhadak means glamour
Saali is an insult used for girls
Matakna means  style used by boys to impress girls.

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i think you are teaching not learning

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it is not SAALI , it is a marathi word "zhali" झाली - hindi equivalent- hui/ho gayi.
also, are you sure it is "fatak"?it sounded to me "vatak*"
कड़क तड़क भड़क झाली चटक मटक वटक झाली 
In context of the song, the lines tell about how crushing(कड़क), with granduer(तड़क भड़क) and in style(चटक मटक वटक) " dushman(enemy) ki waat lagi".
waat lagna वाट लगना - enduring loss/get a beating/intended work derailed; something in these lines.

Answer

bhadak dont means glamour. here it represent being aggresive

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