It's a little tough to explain "through" without creating an imprecision, so here are some examples. Basically, throughout emphasizes the length/meaurement of the traversal: Water runs through a pipe => It runs inside the confines of the pipe. I drove through a red light. => I ignored the red traffic light and kept driving past the intersection. Water runs throughout a pipe => It runs from one end of the pipe to another. I drove throughout the night. => I drove all night.

Hi Pawel, Through refers to something passing through,into or between something. So a thread passes through a needle. Throughout refers to the whole of something, so a king has power throughout his kingdom.