Yes! Those are very common. My stomach is killing me. I got a paper cut on my finger. She needs to lose at least 10 pounds to help with her asthma. When was your last physical exam? How often should he return to the clinic? Helen, your question is too general. Can you be more specific?

Each of the examples you listed would sound normal and natural. Assuming you just want to ask questions, you might also say: "Have you seen a doctor?" "Do you know what's causing it?" "How long have you known about this?" "When did you find out?" "Is there some way I can help?" "Are you alright?"

Hi Helen, Good question. The discussion mainly depends on the character of the particular health issue. So one could say “There is a pain in …”, “I am feeling sick.”, or “I might have a temperature.” or anything like this. There are tons of expressions in respect to health issues possible. Are you interested in the vocabulary in respect to a special illness or treatment? Perhaps the best way to answer someone who is feeling under the weather is to wish them “Get well soon!”. Best regards, Paul

I believe so, yes.