Hi Lena, without context, 'throb' can be difficult to explain but I can give you some examples that might help:-
1) 'I've just drank a lot of coffee and now my heart is throbbing'. 'To throb' suggests a quick and strong heart beat/pulse, which may be uncomfortable.
2) 'Harry Styles is a heart throb'. 'Heart throb' suggests a person who is so fanciable that he/she causes their admirer's hearts to beat strongly :)
3) 'I wish that red spot on my face would stop throbbing'. This suggests a painful or uncomfortable pulsating sensation
'Throb' can also be used in the context of music e.g. 'This track has a throbbing bass'. This suggests that the music has a strong regular beat.
When comparing 'throb' to pulse or beat, 'throb' is a stronger word.