Hey Kareem, how are you?
1) WOULD: it is the past tense of 'will'. It is used to express desire or intent.
E.g.: ''If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.''
E.g.: ''She said she would meet us there!''
E.g.: ''I told you he would betray us!''
2) SHALL: ''shall' is the past tense of 'should'. It is more commonly used before a verb in the infinitive to show something that will take place or exist in the future; and to express an order, promise, requirement, or obligation. This word is outdated, and is believed to appear mostly in formal, archaic writing/speech.
E.g.: ''We shall arrive tomorrow.''
E.g.: ''I shall answer for my misdeeds.''
*In the first person (I / We), 'shall' is used to indicate simple futurity: ''I shall have to buy another ticket.'' / ''We shall leave tomorrow.'' In the second (You) and third persons (He / She / It), the same sense of futurity is expressed by 'will': ''You will get a job'' / ''He will not arrive tomorrow.'' The use of 'will' in the first person and of 'shall' in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context: ''I will take you to a doctor'' / ''You shall leave now.''
3) CAN/COULD: These words are used to talk about ability, awareness, and possibility. They are also used to say that someone has permission to do something. ''Can and ''could'' are called modals, and they both are followed by an infinitive without 'to'.
E.g.: ''I envy people who can sing.''
E.g.: ''You should not tell her about your secret - she could make it public!
4) MIGHT: it is used to talk about a future event that is a remote possibility.
E.g.: ''It might be a trap.''
E.g.: ''Her career might be ruined.''
E.g.: ''It will rain later'' = you are 100% sure that it possible that it will rain later
E.g.: ''It can rain later'' = you are 70% sure that it possible that it will rain later
E.g.: ''It might rain later'' = you are 50% sure that it possible that it will rain later
Hope that helps! :)