Hey 伊丽莎白
1. 得罪 is a synonym of 冒犯. give you a Chinese explanation:
◎ 得罪 dézui
[offend] 使人不快或怀恨;冒犯;获罪
◎ 冒犯 màofàn
[offend against;give offence;affront] 在言词或举动上没有礼貌,冲撞了对方
2. 得罪得罪,我冒犯你了.
in this sentence, 得罪 is a polite expression
3. There's nothings difference between 过你and过你了.
But I think that 过你了have a bit grammar mistake.