Vocabulary for my students who are learning English.

English Vocabulary

Following the attitude or essence of something.

Include something free as part of a purchase.

To become unpopular or no longer liked by people.

An external form which acts as a disguise to conceal something else.

Something which has a strong influence on later developments.

Carry a fetus in the womb from conception to birth.

Something that requires strenuous or tiring effort.

Also known as the Shoah, the genocide of European Jews during World War 2.

To dispense something in a casual or indiscriminate way.

Hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.

The process of joining together or merging things.

An admission of fault (from Latin, used in the Catholic Church).

To describe or portray something precisely.

An official policy of racial segregation or "apartness", used in all spheres of life in South Africa.

A neurological disorder in which the brain suffers recurrent seizures leading to convulsions and loss of consciousness.

Allow a view of or an insight into something.

To show or indicate that something has happened or will happen.

To accept something but maintain a degree of skepticism as to its truth.

A special anniversary of an event, such as the coronation of a monarch; in Judaism, a time of rest and cultural reset occurring every 49 years.

A failure to fulfil an obligation, such as to repay a loan.

A situation or type of behavior that offers both advantages and disadvantages to the participants.

Having the experience and knowledge necessary to survive the dangers of life in an urban environment.

An abbreviation for "as soon as possible".

A pre-established message or formula used in political communication.

The amount of energy, goods and services or waste products produced by a particular economy, company, or worker.

The first stage of a sporting competition, series of negotiations, or a selection process.

To stop something spreading, expanding, or continuing.

Having a short beard or stubble on one's face.

To give an official name or nickname to someone or something.

A type of bill which contains a list detailing goods or services provided, and the cost of the sum due to be paid by the customer.

A specialized segment of the market, workplace or ecology perfectly suited to its inhabitants.

Media which has been appended with geographical coordinates based on the location where it was created.

Extend the application of current knowledge or models of thinking to unknown situations on the assumption that existing trends will continue.

An autonomous program on the Internet or other network which can interact with systems and users.

Having a disregard for rules or regulations; uninhibited.

A person who informs on another person or organization engaging in illegal or unethical behavior.

A secession of a group of people from an organization, which  results in the creation of a new organization.

A reason given as the justification of an action that is not the real reason.

Also known as Gypsies, a nomadic race of people originating from India who settled across Europe, and later North and South America.

Something which has already happened or been decided upon before those affected hear of it (from French).

A habit, opinion or belief which is firmly established and difficult to remove.

Something which makes another good thing even better or perfect.

An adjective or phrase expressing a quality or attribute regarded as characteristic of the object being described.

An especially bad situation caused by a combination of unfavorable circumstances.

An act passed by the United States in 1941 allowing the nation to lend or lease war supplies to foreign allies while still remaining officially neutral in the conflict.

To force someone to leave a group, organization or position in an unceremonious way.

To provoke or annoy someone in order to stimulate a reaction.

To fail to meet an expectation or standard, or to reach a target (as in a missile).

Exchange-traded fund (on the stock exchange).

The possibility or hope that someone or something will improve.

A developing and problematic situation which will eventually become dangerous if not addressed.

A situation in which further action or progress by opposing or competing sides seems impossible.

To show something clearly or emphatically.

The quality of using money and other resources carefully and not wastefully.

To remove a group of people considered undesirable from an organization or place in an abrupt or violent way.

Have trouble contributing to a conversation because the interlocutor or other speakers talk too much.

The theorized beginning of the Universe, in which the cosmos expanded suddenly from a hot, dense state.

A person or thing which announces or signals the approach of another.

Have a talent, skill, or asset which helps one.

Dry outer covering of some fruits or seeds.

A stellar object with less mass than a star.

A type of element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table, but with a different atomic mass.

The phenomenon in which atoms or subatomic particles can disappear and reappear on the other side of a barrier which should be impossible to penetrate.

Fashion or style, such as the "look of the 1960s".

Short-sightedly, or not looking at the bigger picture.

A trick or device intended to attract attention, publicity, or trade.

A victory won at too great a cost for it to have been worthwhile.