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The Past Tense II: Irregulars and the Had-Done Forms | Spoken Malayalam #025
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English has a whole family of past forms: I saw, I have seen, I had seen, I was seeing, I used to see. English speakers usually translate "have seen" by adding a word for "have", and end up with the possession pattern from Episode 22: എനിക്ക് കണ്ടു ഉണ്ട് (enikku kandu undu), which means nothing. Malayalam builds these meanings with endings glued onto the past verb.
In this episode:
• The irregulars: learn them as pairs
• "have done": -ittundu
• "had done": -irunnu
• "was doing": -ukayaayirunnu
• "used to do": -umaayirunnu
• Language bridge
• Practice
• Self-check questions with answers
Key phrases from this episode:
പോകുന്നു (pokunnu) = goes → പോയി (poyi) = went
വരുന്നു (varunnu) = comes → വന്നു (vannu) = came
തരുന്നു (tharunnu) = gives (to me) → തന്നു (thannu) = gave (to me)
കാണുന്നു (kaanunnu) = sees → കണ്ടു (kandu) = saw
കേൾക്കുന്നു (kelkkunnu) = hears → കേട്ടു (kettu) = heard
നിൽക്കുന്നു (nilkkunnu) = stands → നിന്നു (ninnu) = stood
ഇരിക്കുന്നു (irikkunnu) = sits → ഇരുന്നു (irunnu) = sat
കിടക്കുന്നു (kidakkunnu) = lies down → കിടന്നു (kidannu) = lay down
ഇടുന്നു (idunnu) = puts → ഇട്ടു (ittu) = put
വിൽക്കുന്നു (vilkkunnu) = sells → വിറ്റു (vittu) = sold
ആകുന്നു (aakunnu) = becomes → ആയി (aayi) = became, got ready
ചോറ് ആയി (choru aayi) = the rice is ready
സമയം ആയി (samayam aayi) = it's time
ഞാൻ കണ്ടിട്ടുണ്ട് (njaan kandittundu) = I have seen (it)
ഞാൻ അവിടെ പോയിട്ടുണ്ട് (njaan avide poyittundu) = I have been there
അവൾ ഇത് കഴിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട് (aval ithu kazhichittundu) = she has eaten this before
Learn Spoken Malayalam at Home: a complete course in everyday spoken Malayalam for English speakers. Native Malayalam pronunciation, every phrase in Malayalam script, Manglish and English, plus a language bridge comparing Malayalam with other world languages. Listen, repeat out loud, then take the 52-question quiz.
Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.
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Learn Spoken Malayalam at Home | Malayalam for English Speakers
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