a) Ho imparato la lezione (/mia/ is usually dropped)
b1) lezione appresa
b2) lezione imparata
(a) is kind of emotionally 'neutral', it could be said by a child with an happy voice,
or by somebody you scolded, to express regret, and the desire to do better
(b1), (b2) are a terse way to say that 'next time will be better', and eventually to
stop arguing.
/appreso/ is past particle from /apprendere/ (to learn, but in a factual way, like
when you learn how to behave, or how to assemble an engine);
it is seldom used as a verb (with the exception of past particle)
and originates the noun /apprendista/, a person who is learning
a job in the field.
/imparare/ is more generic:
imparare a camminare
imparare a leggere
imparare l'italiano