この/その/あの - are demonstrative determiners. Thus, they affect the noun the are referred to.
これ/それ/あれ - are demonstrative pronouns (derived from the above).
-この /kono/ + noun "this *"→ indicates an object that is near the speaker. ex. この犬 = "this dog (over here)"
これ [pronominal function] "this one" → indicates an object, action, topic, that has been mentioned before or is to a degree already known by/near the speaker. ex. これが欲しい = "I want this one (here)"
ここ [adverbial function] "here (near me)" ex. ここへ来て "come here" (informal)
-その /sono/ + noun "that *" → indicates an object that is near the listener . ex. その犬 = "that dog (over there)"
それ [pronominal function] "that one" → indicates an object, action, topic, that has been mentioned before or is to a degree already known by/near the listener. ex. それが欲しい = "I want that one (near you)"
そこ [adverbial function] "there (near yourself)" ex そこへ行く = "I come there" (informal)
-あの /ano/ + noun "yon *" → indicates an object that is distant from both the speaker and the listener . ex. あの犬 = "yon dog (yonder)/ that dog (distant from both of us in terms of space/time)"
あれ [pronominal function] "yon" → indicates an object, action, topic, that has been mentioned before or is to a degree already known by/distant from both the speaker and the listener. ex. あれが欲しい = "I want yon one (distant from us)"
あすこ [adverbial function] "yonder" ex. あすこへ行こう = "let´s go yonder" (informal)