You're dealing with at least five kinds of conjugations here: agent (mag-), causative (magpa-), social (nakikipag-), abilitative (nagkaka- and na-), qualitative (also na-) and then pang- and pag- which create gerunds. I can give you a basic layout of these in their respective aspects, where CV~ stands for the reduplicated first syllable of the verb or adjective root.
Agent mag- is used to focus on the doer of any verb/action.
Imperative/command: mag-
Past: nag-
Present: nagCV~
Future: magCV~
Causative magpa- focuses on the agent that caused an action to be done.
magpa-
nagpa-
nagpapa-
magpapa-
Social makipag- focuses on plural actors of the same action simultaneously.
makipag-
nakipag-
nakikipag-
makikipag-
Abilitative magka- focuses on the doer of an action, specifically on their ability to perform said action.
magka-
nagka-
nagkaka-
magkaka-
Abilitative ma- focuses on the action that the doer had to ability to perform.
No imperative form
na-
naCV~
maCV~
Qualitative ma- focuses on the state of the actor or object taking on a state of being (adjective).
No imperative form
na-
naCV~
maCV~
Gerunds formed with pag- and pang- are abstract nouns from verbs. Pang- gerunds are specifically habitual actions. When used with mag- forms of verbs, you would form a gerund using pagCV~, while pang- gerunds are formed from agent focus mang- verbs.