I was Scolded by the Teacher, would be ok in that sentence. Other form would be (I got yelled at by the Teacher) or (I got disciplined by the Teacher)

"I got in trouble" is one very authentic way to say 我被批评了. For example, "I got in trouble for drawing on my desk." "I got yelled at" is common too, especially if the teacher was unfair or too mean. "Disciplined" means 被惩罚, so it's different. "Scolded" sounds a bit formal or old-fashioned, at least in American English.

"Scolded" works very well :) I agree - I was criticized by the teacher sounds pretty harsh. Like the other person said "yelled at by" or "disciplined by" work as well :)