Hi Helen,
We can refer to "southeastern" as an adjective to describe a portion of the country (noun).
Alabama is a southeastern state in the US.
However, you can also use "southeast" as a noun to describe a part of the country itself.
Alabama is in the southeast of the US. / Alabama is in the southeast.
Southeastern is an adjective and must be paired it nouns like "region, corner, state, province etc".
Hope this helps.
Cheers, Lance