What is "ke/ge" in Korean?
Like in these examples:
1.Iljjik oneun ke johgesseumnida - It is better if come earlier.
Question:A.I found this form in my Korean book. The writer said that if we want to say it is better...., we can use "neun ke johgessda" in Korean, is it right?
B.In "neun ke johgessda", what is the function of neun? Is it the topic particle or have the other functions? And what is the meaning of ke?
2.Budissiga nareul haengbokhake haeyo - Mr Budi make me happy.
Question:A.The writer said if we want to say make someone to do something, we can use "ke hada or ke mandeulda" form in Korean, is it right?
B.What is the function of ke in the sentence?
3.Geu haksaengi yeolsimhi kongbuhagi sijakhaesseoyo - That student began to study diligently.
Question:A.The writer said that we can use "gi sijakhada" form in Korean if we want to say begin to.... and Mr Pascal yesterday told me that by putting "gi" after the verb can make that verb into a noun, what else? Are there the others function of "gi"?
B.It means in the sentence in above, "kongbuhagi" is a noun?
Thank you very much for the answer.

Question

What is "ke/ge" in Korean?
Like in these examples:
1.Iljjik oneun ke johgesseumnida - It is better if come earlier.
Question:A.I found this form in my Korean book. The writer said that if we want to say it is better...., we can use "neun ke johgessda" in Korean, is it right?
              B.In "neun ke johgessda", what is the function of neun? Is it the topic particle or have the other functions? And what is the meaning of ke?
2.Budissiga nareul haengbokhake haeyo - Mr Budi make me happy.
Question:A.The writer said if we want to say make someone to do something, we can use "ke hada or ke mandeulda" form in Korean, is it right?
              B.What is the function of ke in the sentence?
3.Geu haksaengi yeolsimhi kongbuhagi sijakhaesseoyo - That student began to study diligently.
Question:A.The writer said that we can use "gi sijakhada" form in Korean if we want to say begin to.... and Mr Pascal yesterday told me that by putting "gi" after the verb can make that verb into a noun, what else? Are there the others function of "gi"?
             B.It means in the sentence in above, "kongbuhagi" is a noun?
Thank you very much for the answer.

Answer

1. Yes, 는 makes an adjective. 게 is short for 것이. 것 means 'thing', 일찍 오는 것 = coming early(verbal noun)

2. Usually we don't use -게 만들다 about someone unless we're upset. For example, when you're mad at your friend, you could say "날 미치게 만들지 마! Don't make me crazy!" And we use -게 해주다 more often - Budi씨는 나를 행복하게 해줘요. In this case, -게 makes an adverb. 

3. Yes, as Pascal said. In 그 학생이 열심히 공부하기 시작했어요, 공부하기 is a noun.