The causes of farmland degradation The pie chart presents four main reasons leading agricultural land to low yield. And the table illustrates a statistics about the situation s of lands in three countries, which is affected by the mentioned causes. The pie chart shows that over-grazing is the dominant reason causing land degradation, which takes 35%. Deforestation is close behind with 30%, and the influence from over-cultivation is listed 3rd with 28%. Other factors only account for 7%. In the 1990s, the degradation of land in Europe was most serious, with 23% of total land degraded throughout the period. Oceania came next with 13% and North American ranked 3rd with 5% in total. Deforestation made up the largest percentage of 9.8% in Europe, follow by over-cultivation (7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%). In contrast, only 0.2% of degraded land was due to deforestation in North America, while over-cultivation and over-grazing took larger proportions of 3.3% and 1.5% respectively. In Oceania, a lmost all land degradation was caused by over-grazing (11.3%). However, over-cultivation never appeared in Oceania over these years. As can be seen, over-grazing, over-cultivation and deforestation lead more than 90% of degraded land, which have different influences on the three mentioned countries.

The energy consumption by fuel(1980-2030) The line chart presents a statistics of energy consumption in the USA from 1980 to 2014 and a relevant projection before 2030. The consumption of petrol and oil dominated throughout the period, which was 35 quadrillion units in 1980, followed by a decrease of 4 quadrillion units by 1985. After that, its data rose up to slightly over 40 quadrillion units by 2014, although there was a fluctuation from 1985 to 2014. It is predicted to shoot up to approximately 47 in the following 16 years. The consumption of coal and natural gas changed similarly between 1980 and 2014, which were 16 and 20 quadrillion units respectively in 1980, both increasing to just over 25 quadrillion units by 2014. Coal is estimated to increase rapidly to over 30 quadrillion units by 2030, while natural gas will remain stable at 25 quadrillion units. In 1980, the amount of using nuclear, solar/wind and hydropower all stayed at 4 quadrillion units. Then, there was an upward trend for nuclear and solar/wind, with the data increasing to 7 and 5 respectively. Both of them are expected to stay at the same levels until 2025, when they start to rise again. While the figure of hydropower dropped back to 4 quadrillion units after several increases, which is expected to stay at this level before 2030. Overall, the USA rely on petrol and oil heavily not only in the past, but also in future. While is use of nuclear, solar/wind and hydropower seems relevantly insignificant.

The time of telephone calls in the UK The bar chart presents the changes of the time people in the Uk spent on three kinds of telephone calls from 1995 to 2002. It is clear that the fixed line calls made up the largest amount over the period. The number of minutes for local fixed line calls increased steadily from slightly over 70 billions, until 1999 when it reached the peak at approximately 90 billions and started to decline over the following 4 years, with the data dropping back to 70 billions in the year 2002. There was a continuous upward trend for the figure of national and international fixed line calls throughout these 7 years, with the number increasing from just under 40 billions to over 60 billions. The time the UK residents took on mobile calls rase slowly over the first 5 years, while it shot up to about 45 billions by 2002. As can be seen, local fixed line calls accounted the biggest number among the three categories over the 7 years, although it started to decline from 1999. While the time for the other two kinds of telephone calls was increasing all the time. As a result, the gap between the three types had narrowed considerably.

The ages of the populations The four pie charts present a statistics of residents' ages in Yemen and Italy in the year 2000 and a relevant prediction for the year 2050. In the first two charts of Yemen, the percentage of people aged from 15 to 59 is projected to rise from 46.3% to 57.3% between the year 2000 and 2050. While the proportion of people under 14 years old is foreseen to decline by 12.1% from 50.1% during the 50 years. There would be a slight increase for the ratio of people aged over 60, which is from 3.6% to 5.7% from the year 2000 to 2050 in expectation,. In the other two charts of Italy, approximately two-thirds people in Italy are 15-19 years old in the year 2000, which is projected to decrease to less than a half after the following 50 years. The group of Italian over 60 years old takes 24.1% and 42.3% in the year 2000 and 2050 respectively. In the year 2000, 14.3% Italian are under 14 years old, however, this data is estimated to fall to 11.5% by the year 2050. As can be seen, the group aged 15-59 is expected to take the first place in both Yemen and Italy in the year 2050. On the other hand, the people over 60 years old in Yemen are much more than Italian in the same age group, not only in the year 2000, but also 50 years later.

The island before and after the construction The two maps illustrate the dramatical changes of the island between before and after the construction for tourism. The length and width of the island are approximately 200 meters and 90 meters respectively, which is surrounded by the sea with a beach on the west corner. The forests of the island spread on its western and eastern parts. While in the middle of island, there are a lot of bare lands. After the construction of various tourist facilities, a pler is built on southern coast of the island, which connects the earth and the ships. In the center, a reception is established there that is circled and linked to the pler by the vehicle track. Along the vehicle track, the restaurant is built in the north. On the west side of the reception, there are six accommodations that are linked by footpath with each other, Meanwhile, nine similar accommodation are set in the east of the reception. Besides, the beach is developed into a swimming area after the construction. As can be seen, the development brings significant changes to the island. The new island become a wonderful place for traveling.

Women Should Be Allowed to Join The Army With the gender gap in many different fields closing, a part of people consider that governments should allow women to join national military departments, such as the army, the navy and the air force. From my perspective, it is necessary that countries open this policy for the female, although there are some difficulties to put this idea into practice. Doubtlessly, almost all countries are engaging on gender equality. Opening military positions for female citizens is one of the most important achievements. From my understanding, legislating to permit female soldiers does not only mean to enhance the employment of this group but also show the development of democracy. Further more, women need the opportunities of working in troops to realize individual ambition, to perform civic duties and to show genuine patriotism. To some extent, military departments are one of the most ideal places to make contributions for a country. Nevertheless, some sexual features of female soldiers would be barriers for performing as well as male ones, especially the relatively weak physical strength and psychological quality. As a result, nations have to spend a longer period and pay more funds to foster them. In addition, there is another social responsibility of the majority of women that they need to get pregnant and bring up a next generation. While, sometimes, the intense working environment in troops has a negative effect on pregnancy. Besides, children in families that both parents join the army would suffer loneliness and insecurity. It means that without parental protection, these children are easier to be hurt and bullied physically and mentally. All in all, allowing women to join the army is necessary and meaningful policy, which helps to ensure the female’s legitimate rights. However, governments should be careful about setting corresponding regulations to make sure the normal life of female soldiers’ families.

redevelopment of an art galler The two diagrams illustrate the dramatically change of an art gallery between the existing and the proposed floor layout. In the east of the floor, the current lobby and office will disappear, meanwhile the empty space in the northeast will be integrated. An education area and a store are going to share room there. A wider entrance for the whole floor will be set in the north, which is at the eastern side of lobby right now. The three rooms in the middle will be used for permanent exhibition only by redeveloping them into one large room, while two of them are temporary exhibition space currently. At the same time, a special exhibition space is planned to be established in the west, where is not a part of the existing gallery. Besides, at the south-eastern corner, an exhibition store will be opened up in a small room. As can be seen, more rooms will be scheduled for exhibitions and a new gate will cut down the distance of reaching them.

Athletes as Good Role Models for Young Nowadays, many professional athletes are not only sportsmen but also super stars in society, especially those who own champions in some international competitions. Therefore, some people regard them as good models for adolescents, while others keep the opposite opinions. With emphasizing the importance of exercise to health, more and more people take part in sports activities and select some famous athletes of their favorite fields as idols. First of all, there is no doubt that outstanding stamina and self-discipline of some athletes are worthy to be admired and learned, which are the keys to reach goals in the almost situations. Namely, they are the real examples of achieving through hardworking that could effectively encourage the young generation to make efforts by themselves to acquire a better life. In addition, the sportsmanship, which is reflected from professional players’ behaviors, represents many good personalities and qualities, such as humility, patriotism and teamwork. Up to a point, these characters are the pivotal factors to promote social solidarity and harmony. On the contrary, starting to train in a very young age makes professional sports players’ childhood be crammed with injury and perspiration, instead of friendship and parents’ company. As a result, without the monitor of coaches, it is hard to imitate by common juveniles to success in this way, which even seems cruel that let young children face such physical and mental sufferings. Further more, because of lacking social contact, professional athletes are apt to be treated and enticed. There is a typical example that a successful America swimmer named Philips disappointed a lot of young people who regard him as a hero, after the exposure of taking drugs several years ago. Overall, although many qualities of professional sportsmen are excellent, the youth still need to improve the ability of judgement to choose appropriate role models, meanwhile the athletes should take responsibilities for setting good examples.

Water Circle The diagram illustrates a natural process named the water circle on the earth. The whole circle is divided into 5 main steps, which starts from oceans and ends at a part of mountains under seas. The whole process goes like this. In the first step, the most water vapour is created from oceans with the effect of solar heat, which contributes 80% of total amount. In the second step, water vapour is condensed to form clouds, before precipitation happens under the clouds. Next, some precipitation becomes snow on the top of mountains and some is gathered in the lakes of valleys, while other runs on the surface of the earth. After this, groundwater is formed on impervious layers, which comes from the surface water in the forest and so on. In the last step, groundwater is intruded by salt water, followed by flowing into oceans. At this point, the process is completed and then a new process begins.