I want you to vs. should vs. must? My question today is how to _reliably_ distinguish between "should / have to" vs. "must" and "I want you to", when speaking to Korean speakers in Korean. Because what I noticed is, that there are cases in which there is a high danger of misunderstanding or inappropriateness! What do I mean? If you know the grammar pattern -아/어 야하다 vs. -아/어 야되다 (vs. ??), which is explained in TTMIK Level 2 Lesson 20 (http://www.talktomeinkorean.com/lessons/level-2-lesson-20/), you know that - my lesson notes follow: have to, should, must = verb stem + -아/어/여 + -야 되다/하다. --> 자야 되다 and 자야 하다 are the same thing. Using 되다 is more common in colloquial situations. But it is more important to understand WHY -아/어/여야 되다/하다 means “to have to” or “should”. Ex: 누구한테 줘야 돼요? = Who should I give this to? 어디에서 사야 돼요? = Where should I buy it? The thing is, if I talk about myself, no problem. I want to, I should, I must do. But if I say - and this is my question - "I want you to" in a positive, constructive sense, I am not sure which grammar pattern to use, as if I e.g. say: "I want you to be happy." * 행복해야해요. --> "You should be happy!", has a negative meaning in English. (As in: You should be (more) grateful that X.) * 행복해야해요. --> "You must be happy!", has the meaning of envy in English, but if we talk about "I want you to be happy" (because maybe right now you are not), it makes no sense to express enviousness towards an unhappy person. * 행복하세요. --> "Please be happy", I don't even know if you'd ever say this sentence like that in Korean, but in English this sounds patronizing or superficial! (cf. in English: "please do this" or "I want you to do this") Lastly, maybe you could say "X씨가 행복하기 원해요" or "X씨가 행복(을/하기) 느끼고싶어요" (I want you to feel/experience happy(ness)), but is that (a) the correct way to say it in Korean and (b) isn't there another way? Especially: What if I want to use a construction such as -야 되다/하다, is there any grammar pattern that would fit? Thank you for your help in advance!

Who knows about the nine POS (품사) and can discuss about them?

Hey there!

 

More and more I come across words that are not simply 명사, 동사 or 형용사, but I fear that not many people (including me!) will be prepared to discuss such intricacies. (Compare: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumsa)

 

For example "나가다" in it's 368th position on the <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AgbLOVpvaB62dFJuUkhzWDU4a1NhRjZiNmdXV3dDblE">한국어 학습용 어휘목록</a> is defined as 보조 동사/형용사 (auxiliary verb or adjective) and I am confused as to why that is so. Or rather: What that means for us? What is the correct translation for "나가다", if it is a 보조 동사? And why is <a href="http://krdic.naver.com/search.nhn?kind=all&query=%EB%82%98%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A4">even in the 네이버 국어</a> no mention of the 보조 동사, rather it seems to be all 동사?

 

Thank you in advance.

How is the 등급 in the 한국어 학습용 어휘 목록 determined? I just searched something in the 한국어 학습용 어휘 목록 and noticed the 등급 column. It confuses me extremely. How is the 등급 determined, as all words already have a 순위? The thing is, there are words like 정부 (政府) that has the 순위 136 but the 등급 C, while 산책 (散策) has the 순위 4802 and the 등급 A. Can anyone explain me the reasons behind this? The 한국어 학습용 어휘 목록 can be found here (upload by me): https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AgbLOVpvaB62dFJuUkhzWDU4a1NhRjZiNmdXV3dDblE Initial discussion of this question here: https://plus.google.com/u/0/112758686873987526415/posts/5AuLgzxsAT7

Korean: Quickly distinguish nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.? Hi there, just wanted to ask if there is a quick way to distinguish those for a word? I e.g. got a word like "매일" now and it seems to be "daily", but I feel not sure about it, my SNU book just says "everyday" (which is kinda wrong, because "everyday..." is only used in conjunction with other words and means "ordinary" / "mundane"!). The same for e. g. "땀", I guess it is a noun. But now I already wonder what would be the verb with it? ;) I guess I'm too curious and confuse myself too much (think too much), yet I always feel like I need to double- and triple check every word in my vocabulary. I want to reduce that tendency. Thus if anyone has a tip for me, I'd greatly appreciate it!I also noticed the same error ("everyday") is present in my Hippocrene Standard Dictionary. Checking with naver, Daum and bab.la indeed 매일 seems to be "daily" (a fact) and not "ordinary".The same goes for "words" like "수영". From what I understand you don't really use "수영" alone, do you? You only use it in conjunction with other attributes (for a new noun) or with 하다?

What is the difference between 아프다 and 다치다? Both seem really similar to me, especially considering that in the form of ...다 I thought it's already the "to be" form, thus the description of 다치다 as TO BE(come?) hurt in comparison to "아프다" as TO hurt is not really a distinction? The source of the above is from my Active Korean 2 book. But I also know the description posted at Wiktionary, yet I'm still confused: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%8B%A4 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%B9%98%EB%8B%A4 Thanks in advance.

back (body/anatomy) in Korean? Hi there, I found different translations for the vocabulary "human back" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_back): 1) 뒤... - could it be this? 2) 허리 - is what my Active Korean 2 book says, but isn't it rather be the "waist"? Also I'm not sure about naver, it basically states "등; (등)허리" ?! 3) 등 - I read this is for the anatomy, I found it on bab.la 4) My Hippocrene dictionary says it's rather "차 뒤쯕에"? Or did I interpret it wrongly? Thanks for your help in advance!