Tax systems

Tax system
Hey, everybody!
I'd like to discuss Russian and American tax systems. If you want to add some information about your own country, please do it, I will be glad for having to have new information.
Russia is the largest country in the world. I don't have haven't had a financial education but I worked as an accountant, so I know a little bit about our system. I would like to talk about the most common type of income, about salary. In general we count how much people earn per month, and if we tell somebody about it (and we do) we tell  talk about 'net' salary (without tax). Our employer pay us 'net' ('clean' money) sum on our debeit cards or by in cash. We do not pay taxes by our taxes ourselves (you do pay them if you receive other types of income, but it that is another story). So, our employer pays 13% from of our 'gross' salary to tax inspections in tax, and a lot of different %s for insuransce, pension and bla-bla-bla, sometimes people don't know what they pay because of different tax systems. But we don't usually count those payments we usually don't count, we care only about 'net' salary)) If you are not a resident, the employer pays 30% from your salary (it is for a short period of time, afterwards it will also be also 13%).
So, as you see: all of Russia has a 13% tax from your salary. The employer pays it, and you receive the sum without tax.
As I know in the USA it is an absolutely different story. They count their salaries per hour or per year, and they tell talk about 'gross' salary. People have to pay their taxes by themselves. The employer doesn't care about it. But the USA is not as huge as Russia and the government makes up the coollest thing: different taxes for different states (and for different amounts of incomes). So, if you want to pay less taxes, you can go to another state, if you don't mind paying large taxes - stay where you are.
So, people in America pay their own taxes by themselves, that's why they think about their rights and use them.
People from Russia know that their employer pays their taxes and don't really feel that these were it was their money.
Maybe, that is not a very clear explanation, but I tried))

Question: What is the % of tax in NY now (for an ordinary worker, who receive not does not receive much money) and what is the line when the tax rate startings to change (I know that if you earn less than XXX $, you pay one tax rate, if you earn more than XXX $, you pay more)

I will be really glad grateful if you could answer my question!

There's a phrase for the different levels of tax at different levels of income, and that's called the "tax rate" :) Just so you know!