而:【usually used in written language】
1、but
a、[connect adj 、v.] similar to 然而,但是,却 eg. 这种苹果大而不甜
b、[connect clause] 而 just can used in the begining of later clause.
eg、这里已经春暖花开,而北方还是大雪纷飞的季节
c、used in two parts, one is affirmative and the other is negative.
eg、有利于种小麦,而不利于种水稻
d、put in between the subject and predicate. [it mens if/but]
eg、作家而不为人民写作,那算什么作家呢?
2、supplement each other
a、[connect adj] eg、少而精
b、[connect clause or verb phrase] Progressive relation
eg、战而胜之
3、connect the words about purpose/ reason/basis/ways/situation to verbs
a、为了、为、为着、因为、由于、通过 .etc+ purpose/reason/basi/ways/situation +而+verbs
eg、为培养青年学生而默默耕耘
b、v/adj +而+v [means ways or situation]
eg、不战而胜
4、fixed format 由(从)……而……[connect n.]
eg.由春到夏
Ps. monosyllabic adjective must use 而 eg.这件衣服长而瘦
double syllable adjective can use 而 eg.天安门广场庄严(而)雄伟
而且:[conj] Progressive relation [connect adj/ v/ adv/clause]
1、connect clause [always together with 还、也、又、更]
eg、这里不少是我的老同学,而且有的还是好朋友
2、fixed format 不但(不仅、不单、不只、不光)……而且……
eg、他不但注译很多,而且有很高的水平。
3、[connect sentence] means pause
eg、在沙漠里行进是很困难的,那里风沙大,又缺水。但是,因为沙地松 软,人们走路都十分费力。
并:
[adv]1、monosyllabic verb [the two things happened in the same time]
eg.齐头并进
2、Strengthen the negative tone [used in transitional complex sentence ]
put in the front of 不、没(有)、未、无、非
eg.计划定的再好,可是并不实行,等于没定
[conj]connect double verbs or clause
eg.要继续保持并发扬优秀的民族传统。
并且:[conj] always used in written language
1、并且+还(adv)eg.海面起风了,并且天色也暗淡下来。
2、fixed format 不但(不仅)……并且……Progressive relation
eg.他不但嘴上这么说,并且行动上也这么做
3、when together with three parts or more , put 并且 in the last part
eg.教室里干净、明亮并且温暖。
4、when the later sentence is longer, 并且 means pause
eg.这项水利工程完工之后,可以使附近三个县的农田受益;并且,因为利用水力建了几个小发电站,还可以为这一地区的小工业提供动力。r
I hope my answer can help you know these characters more~~~~