yes...very interesting question
not to comment the evolution of Arabic language from the preislamic to the revelation era an the 19 th and 20th century..i classical arabic which is nowaday arabic (tv, massmedia , business , juridic) is an easy part of qoranic arabic, the difference between spoken arabic (called dialectal arabic wich is not 100% ture because in some country dialect is so different from the nationa language).
so spoken arabic differs from classical arabic by: (priority classification)
1.the cadence ( the pace)
2.the pronounciation ( accentuation)
3.synonims from arabic ( arabic is one of the richest languages in synonims : so we use a word from arabic in some countruies in others they use another word from the same language as a synonim)
4.some worlds braught from other regional dialects or languages (like berber in morocco, in algeria or in tunisia) of course depending on the country and the process of arabisation held centuries ago.
5. influence of colonial languages (mainly frensh and english)
if i had to explaine it referring to the america english i should sai is like american english to american english variants in america itself
But it is still too close to arabic language