The initial question mark was first officially introduced in Spanish by the second edition of orthography published by the Real Academia de la Lengua Española (RAE) in 1754. In the same edition they recommended the use of the initial exclamation mark too (¡). Originally they recommended the use of initial exclamation mark and final interrogation in case a question had an exclamation tone. ¡Qué crees que estás haciendo? = What do you think you are doing? But that was avoided and now the RAE recommends using both in such cases: ¡¿Qué crees que estás haciendo?! = What do you think you are doing? I hope this answers your question.

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