들으면 does indeed come from 듣다+(으)면. When a ㄷ is before a ㅇ, it changes to ㄹ.
Ex. 걷다 (to walk) in the present tense is 걸어요.
들으면 - If I listen
(If can be translated as "when" but "if" is more accurate. Also, in English there is only one word for "when". In Korean, there are two and you have both in that sentence (으)면 & (으)ㄹ 때. Using "if" should avoid confusion)
생각 - thought, thinking, idea
생각하다 - to think
나다 - to grow, sprout; to happen, break out; to occur, cross (one's) mind
생각이 나다 - to have an idea come up, recall, remember
It means "IF I listen to a Blur song, (then) I recall WHEN I was a middle school student."
More naturally, "When I listen to Blur songs, I think of when I was a middle schooler."
지금 블러의 노래를 들으면 중학생 때가 생각이 나요.
When I listen to a song by Blur, I think of the times when I was a middle school student.
It does mean that "if 블러의 노래를 듣다 then 중학생 때가 생각이 나다" ?
Please explain this "if/then" construction and give me a few more examples so I can learn how to use it.
I'm really tired. Sorry. I will help you more tomorrow :)