Евгений
مُعلم محترف
Must have bought or had to buy? Why? Can we use 'must have bought' here, considering this situation as an obligation which comes from the speaker (I must have bought it)? So, before I took the bus to school I a)must have bought a new notebook b) had to buy a new notebook. Thanks in advance!
١ أغسطس ٢٠١٧ ٢٠:١٨
الإجابات · 6
4
a) "had to + infinitive" is for past obligations. b) "must have + past participle" refers to logical deductions about the past e.g. I can't find my cup! Where did I leave it? Oh... I remember now, I was drinking tea while making the lunch. I must have left it in the kitchen - I'll go and check there.
١ أغسطس ٢٠١٧
Must have bought a noteboook is not correct. Had to buy a notebook is better. A better exampe would be; Before I started school, I had to buy a book.
١ أغسطس ٢٠١٧
Thanks a lot Gary!
٢ أغسطس ٢٠١٧
Following on from Michael's answer, if you are logically deducing from 'must have bought' - you have a situation where you are deducing from the fact that there is a notebook there, that you must have bought it (and didn't remember buying it!). That's not incorrect, but it is very very unlikely. The second version is more likely, but I think that most people would say 'Before I could take the bus to school, I had to buy a new notebook', as going to school is conditional on getting the notebook.
١ أغسطس ٢٠١٧
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Евгений
المهارات اللغوية
الصينية (المندرية), الإنجليزية, الفرنسية, الروسية, الإسبانية, الفيتنامية
لغة التعلّم
الصينية (المندرية), الإنجليزية, الفرنسية, الإسبانية, الفيتنامية