"Who brought you up?" is the only natural way to ask the question using this idiom ("to bring up" meaning to raise a child, or in another sense, to introduce a topic of conversation.) In a statement, you would also most commonly say "He brought me up," but could say "He did bring me up" in a situation of contrast or emphasis. Ex: Did your father bring you up to work hard? No, but he did bring me up to play hard!