'I tried to call you' means I couldn't because I sunny know how to use the phone, or the phone didn't work for some reason. 'I tried calling you' means I did that instead of emailing or texting. :)

Sorry, I don't get your question. . They did call. It was the guy at the other end who didn't answer. So they tried calling and it didn't work. I tried calling you. I had to just leave a message. . To try to call, would mean that somehow they were unable to make the call. I tried to call you, but I was out of cellphone range. . Did that sound convincing? . Actually I suspect you would see both options used in practice, as the meaning is sort of obvious.