Yeah, this would be a response to someone saying "꺼져!". So the conversation would go something like this...
A: 꺼져! (Get outta here!)
B: 꺼져 줄게! ('~줄게' goes on the end of a conjugated verb and means "I'll do 'it' - whatever 'it' may be - for you. So this response would roughly translate to, "No problem, I'll leave).
잘 살아 literally means 'live well', so in this case might translate to 'take care', so the whole thing might be something along the lines of 'No problem, I'll leave. Take care!' but yes, these people are most likely not very happy with each other and 'B' is acting like or she doesn't really need 'A' in his or her life.
Some more examples of '~줄게'...
하다 = to do
해 줄게(요) = I'll do it for you.
기다리다 = to wait
기다려 줄게(요) = I'll wait for you.
사다 = to buy
사 줄게(요) = I'll buy it for you.
Hope that helps!