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Articles
Articles
First the good news:There are only three articles in English: a, an and the.
There are two types of articles indefinite 'a' and 'an' or definite 'the'. You also need to know when not to use an article.
The bad news is that their proper use is complex, especially when you get into the advanced use of English. Quite often you have to work it out by what sounds right, which can be frustrating for a learner.
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Indefinite articles - a and an (determiners)
A and an are the indefinite articles. They refer to something not specifically known to the person you are communicating with.
A and an are used before nouns that introduce something or someone you have not mentioned before:-
For example:
"I saw an elephant this morning."
"I ate a banana for lunch."
A and an are also used when talking about your profession:-
For example:
"I am an English teacher."
"I am a builder."
Note!
You use a when the noun you are referring to begins with a consonant (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y or z), for example, "a city", "a factory", and "a hotel".
You use an when the noun you are referring to begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u)
Pronunciation changes this rule. It's the sound that matters, not the spelling.
If the next word begins with a consonant sound when we say it, for example, "university" then we use a. If the next word begins with a vowel sound when we say it, for example "hour" then we use an.
We say "university" with a "y" sound at the beginning as though it were spelt "youniversity".
So, "a university" IS correct.
We say "hour" with a silent h as though it were spelt "our".
So, "an hour" IS correct.
(Lots of people get this wrong - including native speakers.)
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Sample Learning Agenda
Sample Learning Agenda
Note: This is just an example of one student's self-study agenda for one month. You should make your own personal agenda. Make sure to use the appropriate level of materials. It is useful to write a 7-day agenda before you go to bed every Sunday night. Most importantly, make sure to study a balance of skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Week 1
e.
Wednesday Read the useful phrases used in a telephone conversation. Write out a simple conversation I would have with my best friend.
Thursday Review the prepositions of place that I learned. Practise talking (out loud) about the placement of objects in my bedroom. If there are any objects in my room that I don't know the name for, look them up in a dictionary. Record them in my own personal dictionary.
Friday Listen to one hour of English radio. Don't write anything down. Just listen.
Saturday Review all of the new vocabulary I have learned this week. Write a story using as many of the words as I can.
Week 2
Sunday Try the practice sessions and quiz in the Telephone English section. If I have difficulty doing them, review the telephone language I learned last week.
Monday Go to the grammar section of EnglishClub.com. Choose one part of speech that I have difficulty with (for example: adjectives). Read the lesson and do the quiz.
Tuesday Rent an English movie. Choose a movie that I can get notes on. Watch the movie without writing anything down.
Wednesday Read the English Proverbs on EnglishClub.com. Look up (and record) any of the vocabulary I don't know. In my notebook, write out as many proverbs from my own culture that I can think of and try to translate them into English.
Thursday Schedule a partner practice session on the telephone. Talk for at least half an hour using only English. Keep notes in front of me and try to use the telephone phrases I've learned.
Friday Watch the English movie again. This time stop and start the film when I don't understand something. Look up and record at least ten English words and try to understand them in context.
Saturday Read English Club.con's Say or Tell exercise. Do the quiz.
Week 3
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My english language contract
My English Learning Contract
I, ______________________________ (your name),
promise to study English for a minimum of
__________ (your realistic number) hours per week,
from ________/________/20______
to ________/________/20______.
(no more than three months)
My #1 goal is to:
___________________________________________
(Example: improve my listening and speaking skills)
Other specific goals include:
________________________________________
(Example: learning 100 new words)
________________________________________
(Example: writing an email in English every day)
________________________________________
(Example: improving my pronunciation)
I will re-evaluate my study sessions and goals and sign a new contract at the end of this study period.
If I keep to the above program and achieve the above goals I will REWARD myself with:
___________________________________________
(Example: new shoes/mini vacation/new dictionary)
Signed:
________________________
(your signature)
Witness:
________________________
(signature of friend, teacher etc)
Dated:
______/______/20____
PLEASE POST ME SOMEWHERE VISIBLE!
From How To Learn English (EnglishClub.com)
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Tips for beginners
Tips for Beginners
You are like a new baby
Babies learn their language slowly.
First they learn to listen.
Then they learn to speak.
Finally, they can read and write.
Listen to English every day
Listen to English radio.
Watch English TV.
Go to English movies.
Use online lessons.
Make an English/ESL friend
Make up conversations.
Practice dialogues.
Use beginner textbooks.
Read English stories
Start with children's storybooks.
Try ESL readers.
Read advertisements, signs and labels.
Try English Club.com for Young Learners.
Write down new words
Start a vocabulary (new word) notebook.
Write words in alphabetical order (A...B...C...).
Make example sentences.
Always use an English-English dictionary first.
Keep an English diary
Start with one sentence.
How do you feel?
How is the weather?
What did you do today?
Write another sentence tomorrow.
Visit an English speaking country
Learn English more quickly.
Stay with an English family.
Hear native speakers talk.
Have a fun experience.
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how to learn english
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