Abbreviations I know that some people use る instead of いる, and た instead of いた. Are there any other important abbreviations in the common speech?

を particle and verbs I know that, In Japanese, verbs usually come at the end, and the noun afected by the verbs needs the を particle attached to iot. But what happens in a complex sentence? Where you have several verbs and を particles? How does it work there? For example すぐれた才能をたったひとつの部活動に閉じこめず, 広く門戸を開放し, 求めに応じて駆けつける. Which verb afects each noun and how do i know it?

る in the middle of a sentence I notice in several sentences that they put a る after a verb (usually in te form). I don't understand its purposse. For example すごい情熱でビール売ってるなぁ。 And 日本語くらいだな、勝ってるの。

見かけより -meaning- Can someone help me with this sentence? I can't understand the "見かけより" part 見かけより 危険な動物だぞ

About action verbs used as adjectives I have a problem figuring out whether i should use a verb as a verb itself or as an adjective. For instance, this sentence 요즘 공부하고 있는 외국어는 일본어예요 "공부하고 있는" is the present progressive of "to study", but its used as an adjective. Why? Can't i use it as a simple verb?

Languages (4) As there were a lot of mangas not translated to Spanish, i missed a lot of good reads because of my ignorance. But i couldn't help it, i didn't have the courage to actually sit down and TRY to read them. I though i wouldn't understand a single thing about the plot. But there was a comic that i was dying to read. Its name was Solanin. A manga about a group of college students in Tokyo, and their normal lives and dilemmas. I didn't knew a thing aside from the basic plot, but the drawings were immensely beautiful.

What's "한명" in this sentence? 제 친구 한명도 일본만화 좋아해요.

Languages (2) Continuing from my last post, i proceed with my tale. After I've finished my first year at the English Academy, i couldn't continue it because i had to start college. I had to prepare myself for the entrance exam (we don't have SAT in Argentina, each University has its owns exams, which are independent from each other), which consumed a great chunk of my time. The first year of college was hell, so i couldn't start any kind of self study of English. But after a year in college, things were a bit easier compared to the first year, and i had more free time in my hands.

Languages (1) My main problem with English, is that i'm really good at reading it, but i'm terrible at writing it. I've only studied for a year in an English academy in Argentina, and that was pretty much it. Although I didn't start with the very basics, I didn't learn all the grammar that I should have done in order to speak correctly.