Correct use of हो and छ This is still confusing me. One of my books explains that हो is used to define or identify a person or thing; where छ​ is used to qualify or describe the possession, size, shape, taste, color, etc. of things; or to locate an object. Under those rules wouldn't "My name" or "my books" be the छ​ form? These are exercises I did, but I got several incorrect. These were my answers: 1. यि किताबहरू मेरा छन्। (wouldn't this be possession?) 2. ति बार्-हरू बलिया छन्। 3. त्यो कलम नीलो कलम छ​। (isn't this describing the pen color?) 4. राम्रो कलम छ / छैन​? 5. त्यो कोठा सानो कोठा छ​। (isn't this describing the room?) 6. कोठा ठुलो छैन​। 7. ति कापीहरू तपाईंका हुन्। (this doesn't seem correct as it's possession) 8. त्यो ठुलो झोला रातो छ​। 9. तपाईंको कलम राम्रो कलम छ​। 10. झोला टेबुलमा छ​। 11. त्यो ढोका खैरो ढोका छ​। (isn't this describing the door?) 12. तपाईंको रातो कलम हो? (shouldn't this be chha as it's possessive?) 13. यो ठुलो घर छ। 14. टेबुलमा किताब छ​। 15. पहेंलो झोला छ​? 16. कोठामा मेच छ​। 17. तपाईंको घर हो? 18. पर्दा झ्यालमा छ​। (doesn't this mean a curtain is {exists} on the window? Or to say it another way - The window has a curtain.) 19. यो कलम हो। 20. तपाईंको कापी होईन​? 21. मेचमा नीलो किताब छैन​। 22. यि कलमहरू नराम्रा छन्। 23. झोलामा सिसाकलम छ​।

Which form is correct - low, middle or informal? In Nepalese there are several forms of saying he, she, it - some of my friends call this form the informal or middle form, but my language books say it is the low form. Which is correct? ऊ / यो / त्यो गर्छ - s/he does (informal) or is it the low form? उनी / यिनी / तिनी गर्छन् - s/he does (middle) or informal form? I know to use the high (respectful form) when talking in the presence of someone and / or about them - यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुहुन्छ but when do you use the u, yo, tyo or uni, yini, tini form when referring to a person? Thanks for help with this.

Is this conjugation of to be future tense in Nepali correct? हामी हुनेछैनौँ we will not be तपाईं हुनुहुनेछ you will be (formal) तपाईं हुनुहुनेछैन you will not be (formal) तिमी हुनेछौ you will be (informal) तिमी हुनेछैनौ you will not be (informal) तँ हुनेछस् you will be (low) तँ हुनेछैनस् you will not be (low) उ / यो / त्यो हुनेछ he / it will be (informal) उ / यो / त्यो हुनेछैन he / it will not be (informal) उनी हुनेछे she will be (feminine) उनी हुनेछैन she will not be (feminine) उनीहरू / यिनीहरू / तिनीहरू हुनेछन् they will be (informal, plural nearby / distant) उनीहरू / यिनीहरू / तिनीहरू हुनेछैनन् they will not be (informal, plural nearby / distant) उनीहरू हुनेछिन् she (they, feminine) will be उनीहरू हुनेछैन she (they, feminine) will not be यी / ती हुनेछन् these / those will be यी / ती हुनेछैनन् these / those will not be यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ हुनुहुनेछ s/he will be (formal) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ हुनुहुनेछैन् s/he will not be (formal) Is become more accurate than to be? for example: उहाँ डाक्टर हुनुहुनेछ he will become (a doctor) or is it he will be a doctor? And is the continuous form of to do correct? म गर्दैछु I am doing म गर्दैछैन​ I am not doing हामी गर्दैछौं we are doing हामी गर्दैछैनौं we are not doing तपाईं गर्दै हुनुहुन्छ​ you are doing (formal) तपाईं गर्दै हुनुहुन्न​ you are not doing (formal) तिमी गर्दैछौ you are doing (informal) तिमी गर्दैछैनौ you are not doing (informal) तँ गर्दैछस् you are doing (low) तँ गर्दैछैनस् you are not doing (low) ऊ / यो / त्यो गर्दैछ​ s/he is doing ऊ / यो / त्यो गर्दैछैन s/he is not doing उनी गर्दैछिन् she is doing (feminine) उनी गर्दैछैन she is not doing (feminine) यिनी / तिनी गर्दैछैन् they are doing यिनी / तिनी गर्दैछैनन् they are not doing यी / ती गर्दैछन् they are doing (low) यी / ती गर्दैछैनन् they are not doing (low) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ ​गर्दै हुनुहुन्छ​ s/he is doing (formal) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्दै हुनुहुन्न​ s/he is not doing (formal)

Is this conjugation of to be in Nepali correct? हुनु to be म हुँ I am म होइन​ I am not हामी हौं we are हामी होइनौं we are not तपाईं हुनुहुन्छ​ you are (formal) तपाईं हुनुहुन्न​ you are not (formal) तिमी हौ you are (informal) तिमी होइनौ you are not (informal) तँ होस् you are (low form) तँ होइनस् you are not (low form) ऊ / यो / त्यो हो he / it is (low form, this/ that - near / distant) ऊ / यो / त्यो होइन​ he / it is not (low form, this / that - near / distant) उनी / यिनी / तिनी हुन् s/he is / are (informal, nearby / distant) उनी / यिनी / तिनी होइनन् s/he is / are not (informal, nearby / distant) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ हुनुहुन्छ​ s/he is (formal, nearby) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ हुनुहुन्न​ s/he is not (formal, nearby) यी / ती हुन् they are (low form, plural nearby) यी / ती होइनन् they are not (low form, plural nearby) उनीहरू / यिनीहरू / तिनीहरू हुन् they are (informal, nearby / distant) उनीहरू / यिनीहरू / तिनीहरू होइनन् they are not (informal, nearby / distant) तपाईंहरू हुनुहुन्छ​ you are (plural, formal) तपाईंहरू हुनुहुन्न​ you are not (plural, formal) यहाँहरू / वहाँहरू / उहाँहरू हुनुहुन्छ s/he is (formal plural, nearby) यहाँहरू / वहाँहरू / उहाँहरू हुनुहुन्न s/he is not (formal plural, nearby) म भ​एँ I became म भइनँ I didn't become हामी भयौं we became हामी भएनौं we didn't become तपाईं हुनुभयो you became (formal) तपाईं हुनुभ​एन​ you didn't become तिमी भयौ you became (informal) तिमी भ​एनौ you didn't become तँ भइस् you became (low) तँ भइनस् you didn't become (low) उ / यो / त्यो भयो he / it became उ / यो / त्यो भएन​ he / it didn't become उनी भइन् she became (feminine) उनी भइनन् she didn't become (feminine) उनी / यिनी / तिनी भ​ए s/he became (informal) उनी / यिनी / तिनी भ​एनन् s/he didn't become (informal) यी / ती भ​ए It became यी / ती भ​एनन् It didn't become यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ हुनुभयो s/he became (formal) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ हुनुभएन​ s/he didn't become (formal) म हुनेछु I will be म हुनेछैनँ I will not be हामी हुनेछौँ we will be

Conjugation exercise of गर्नु to do म गर्छु I do म गर्दिन I do not हामी गर्छौं we do हामी गर्दैनौं we do not तपाईं गर्नुहुन्छ you do तपाईं गर्नुहुन्न you do not तिमी गर्छौ you do (inf) तिमी गर्दैनौ you do not (inf) तँ गर्छस you do तँ गर्दैनस् you do not ऊ/यो/त्यो गर्छ s/he does (inf) ऊ/यो/त्यो गर्दैन s/he does (inf) उनी / यिनी / तिनी गर्छन् s/he does (inf) उनी / यिनी / तिनी गर्दैनन् s/he does not (inf) यी / ती गर्छन् it does (low) यी / ती गर्दैनन् it does not (low) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुहुन्छ s/he does यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुहुन्न s/he does not मैले गरें I did मैले गरिनँ I did not हामी गर्यौं we did हामी गरेनौं we did not तपाईं गर्नुभयो you did तपाईं गर्नुभएन you did not तिमी गर्यौ you did (inf) तिमी गरेनौ you did not (inf) तँ गरिस् you did (low) तँ गरिनस् you did not (low) ऊ/यो/त्यो गर्यो s/he did (inf) ऊ/यो/त्यो गरेन s/he did not (inf) उनी गरिन् she did (fem) उनी गरिनन् she did not (fem) यिनी / तिनी गरे s/he did (inf) यिनी / तिनी गरेनन् s/he did not (inf) यी / ती गरे s/he did (low) यी / ती गरेनन् s/he did not (low) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुभयो s/he did यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुभएन s/he did not म गर्नेछु I will do म गर्नेछैन I will not do हामी गर्नेछौं we will do हामी गर्नेछैनौं we will not do तपाईं गर्नुहुनेछ you will do तपाईं गर्नुहुनेछैन you will not do तिमी गर्नेछौ you will do (inf) तिमी गर्नेछैनौ you will not do (inf) तँ गर्नेछस् you will do तँ गर्नेछैनस् you will not do ऊ/यो/त्यो गर्नेछ s/he / it will do ऊ/यो/त्यो गर्नेछैन s/he / it will do उनी गर्नेछिन् she will do उनी गर्नेछैन she will not do यिनी/तिनी गेर्नेछैनन् they will not do यी/ती गर्नेछन् they will do (low) यी/ती गर्नेछैनन् they will not do (low) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुहेनछ s/he will do (formal, nearby) यहाँ / वहाँ / उहाँ गर्नुहुनेछैन s/he will not do (formal, nearby)

फुलहरू (flowers) गोदावरि - asters / chrysanthemums कोपिला - bud झुप्पो / झुप्पा - bunch लाहुरे फुल - dahlia फुल - flower फुल्नु - to flower / blossom वास्ना - fragrance बगैंचा - garden चमेली - jasmine मैदान - lily कमल् - lotus सयपत्री - marigold सुनागाभा - orchids लालीगुराँस - rhododendron गुलाब / गुलाफ - rose सूर्यमुखी - sunflower

स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी (concerning health) स्वास्थ्य - health अस्पताल - hospital रोग - disease बिरामी - sick / ill बिमारी - alternate of बिरामी - sickness सिकिस्त​ - serious illness डाक्टर - doctor नर्स - nurse दुख्नु - be hurt / have pain लक्षण - symptom कारण - reason / cause गर्भवती - pregnant ज्वरो - fever घाउ - wound पिलो - boil सुन्निनु - swelling खोकी - cough बान्ता / बमन - vomiting वाकवाक​ - nausea गडबडी - upset / disorder पखाला - diarrhea झाडापखाला - loose stool / diarrhea विष - poison ठेउला - chicken pox गलगांड - goiter क्यान्सर - cancer सरुवारोग - communicable disease क्षयरोग (टि. बि.) - tuberculosis (T.B.) औलो ज्वरो - malarial fever मस्तिष्क ज्वर - meningitis यौन रोग - venereal disease रुघा ज्वरो - cold flu कमलपित्त​ - jaundice महामारी - plague / epidemic शारीरिक अपाङ्ग​ - physically disabled सुस्त मनस्थिति - mentally disabled चश्मा - eyeglasses अन्धा - blind सुस्त श्रवण - hard of hearing श्रवण-यन्त्र​ - hearing aid सुन्ने - hearing बहिरा - deaf संकेत / ईशारा - sign फैलिनु - to be spread सर्नु - to transmit (disease) सुई - injection खोप - vaccination / vaccine पोलियो थोपा - polio drops चक्की - tablet / pill जडिबुटी - herbs औषधी - medicine भिटामिन - vitamin सतर्क​ - alert होसियार - careful जिउ - body शरीर - body घुम्नु - turn around निको - well / healthy (return) सञ्चै - fine / good health जीवन - life

वातावरण (environment) वातावरण - environment आकाश - sky सूर्य​ - sun घाम - sunlight तारा - stars चन्द्र - moon पृथ्वी - earth हावा - wind / air विश्व / संसार - world नक्सा - map पूर्व - east पश्चिम - west उत्तर् - north दक्षिण् - south डाँडा - ridge or hill पहाड / पर्वत - foothills (low mountains) हिमाल् - mountain / himalayas लेक - summit उपत्यका - valley तराई - plains बेंसी - lowlands जंगल - jungle / forest मरुभूमि - desert माटो - soil / dirt जमिन - ground हिलो - mud बालुवा - sand धूलो - dust ढुंगा - stone / rock गुफा - cave भुकम्प​ - earthquake पहिरो - landslide हिम पहिरो - avalanche टापु - island महासागर / समुन्द्र​ - ocean / sea छाल - tide नदी - river झरना - waterfall खोला - stream पोखरी - pond /lake बाढी - flood कुवा - well भूँवरी / भूमरी - whirlpool हावापानी - weather मौसिम् - weather (conditions? or maybe season?) हिउँद - winter बसन्त - spring ग्रीष्म - summer वर्षा - monsoon (rainy season) शरद् - early autumn हेमन्त - late autumn बादल - cloud हुरीवतास - storm wind मेघगर्जनसहित - thunder cloud (together) बिजुली चम्केको - lightning वर्षा - rain / showers मुसलधारे - heavy rain असिना - hail हिउँ - snow हुस्सु - fog कुहिरो - mist शीत - dew बाफ - vapor / steam इन्द्रेणी - rainbow छायाँ / प्रतिविम्ब​ - shadow / image विरुवा - plant घाँस - grass बोट - shrub रूख - tree फेद - stem पात - leaf हाँगा - branch जरा - root बाँस - bamboo

simple past tense sentence exercise मैले बाटोमा बिरालो देखें। बाटोमा बिरालो थियो। बिरालो बाटोमा हिँड्यो। मेरो बाटो बिरालोले रोक्यो। बिरालोले बाटोमा रोख्यो।